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Criminology and Penology is a book by Nv Paranjape that covers the law relating to the crime and punishment of individuals within an organised society. In this book, he lays down how there are two types of social systems – criminal justice system comprising of several institutions such as courts, corrections facilities, police department etc. And civil/social justice system which includes a wide range of institutions- from welfare programs to childcare centers. The author points out that both systems should work together in order to achieve the best outcome for every individual under their jurisdiction. At the same time, he also stresses that people should not be judged according to their profession or by the peculiarities of their skin color and beliefs. He shows how crime and punishment is a social construct and states that there is no such thing as a "juvenile offender" as many people think. In this book, he emphasizes on the need for rehabilitation programs as well as access to treatment for those who have been excluded from these programs. In this regard, if proper attempts are made to rehabilitate criminal offenders, it would be only fair to give them a second chance after they have served their sentence. Some of the themes that the book revolves around are -alternatives to incarceration, juvenile justice, restorative justice and family violence. Throughout the book, Paranjape tries to prove that people should not be punished as a result of their profession as well as by their skin color and beliefs. He points out that for an individual, especially children who grow up with troubled backgrounds often end up getting involved with criminal activities. The author adds how they might not even know that what they are doing is wrong. On the other hand, he also mentions that there is no such thing as "juvenile offenders". He shows how prison time doesn't significantly reduce an offender's chance to engage in crime again. He also mentions how often kids who grew up in troubled backgrounds are excluded from the rehabilitation programs. This might be because of the fact that they do not fit in with the stereotype "juvenile delinquent" and thus, there is no reason for making provisions for their treatment. He also talks about how people with mental disorders or disabilities might not be able to live independently and secure jobs which will help them support themselves after spending time behind bars. He makes a call to the government to provide them with alternative housing and treatment facilities in order to help them with their rehabilitation process instead of just expecting them to go back into society and live normal lives unprompted. The book is written in an informal way that makes it easy for the reader to understand the concepts and information that the author is trying to convey. The book starts off by explaining how there are two different types of justice systems – criminal justice system and civil/social justice system. He points out that both systems should work together in order to achieve the best outcome for every individual under their jurisdiction. He adds, " ... since both these systems are intended for achieving social goals, they need not be mutually exclusive." However, he also stresses that people should not be judged according to their profession or by the peculiarities of their skin color and beliefs. cfa1e77820
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